Advances the students? knowledge of the impact urban settings have had on education during the past 100 years. Emphasis will be placed on the influence of philosophical, sociological and cultural perspectives on schools as social and educational institutions. Students will be expected to define, analyze and explain the relationship between variances in learning styles and the social settings of learners. An understanding of the urban school throughout the past century will be developed and will enable students to determine how organizational practices and policies, societal demographics, teacher preparation, and learner characteristics affect urban education and urban public K-12 schools. Salient issues are: the definition of urban education, school funding, norms and folkways of urban teachers and learners, professional development for teachers and school staff, the roles of stakeholders and educators as change agents. [ 3 credits ]