This upper-level course, taught entirely in Spanish, is designed to survey the components of oral language. We will discuss the social, phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of Spanish as a language system. Students will be introduced to language variation, phonetic transcription, phonemes, morphemes, syntactic order, linguistic change, dialects of Spanish, and Spanish as a phenomenon in the United States. This course, designed specifically for teachers of other languages, prepares students to take the Praxis exam for certification in Spanish. [ 3 credits ]